When I go back in time, the images that make the fondest...

When I go back in time, the images that make the fondest memories of my childhood are primarily the ones related to computers. While I was growing up, I spent a good amount of time learning new things about computers through whatever source I could. What started as a leisure pursuit soon turned into passion, and when the time came to choose my subject for pre-university, computer was my first choice. I studied technology and hardware workshop, computer networks, information bank, operating system, physics, mathematics along with programming languages, software packages like word, excel, access, power point, Snagit etc. For my under graduate studies, I selected Computer Science at Jamia Hamdard University which is one of the best†¦show more content†¦I always want to know more in computer networks and new technologies. To keep myself abreast of all the latest advancements in my field, I have taken to reading extensively about my area of interest on internet and IEEE-spectrum magazines. Having a Master’s degree is necessary for comprehending the advanced concepts of Computer Science which have not strongly been touched in the under graduate studies. I think of graduate study as a road to develop my skills and a director for helping me to achieve the long-term goal of a research career. I have chosen Canada to do my Masters degree because it is a technologically advanced country and has the best educational system throughout the world where the academic systems focuses more on ‘practical applications’ than ‘theoretical aspects’ of a subject. The outstanding faculty and great facilities at your university make its Masters programme suited to my career goals. The well-compiled curriculum at Concordia University, will give me the wide education which I need to expand the domain of my knowledge and skills. The unique variety of students will open my mind to new opinions and new methods of doing things. I am keen to be an active member of the student community at your distinguished university. I am confident that my knowledge, strong motivation and undergraduate experiences will help me to successfully complete graduateShow MoreRelatedAsk the Dust by John Fante13686 Words   |  55 PagesCriticism on Commonly Studied Works: Introduction, Author Biography, Plot Summary, Characters, Themes, Style, Historical Context, Critical Overview, Criticism and Critical Essays, Media Adaptations, Topics for Further Study, Compare Contrast, What Do I Read Next?, For Further Study, and Sources. (c)1998-2002; (c)2002 by Gale. Gale is an imprint of The Gale Group, Inc., a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Gale and Design ® and Thomson Learning are trademarks used herein under license. The following

Debt and Trial Balance free essay sample

DRIVE PROGRAM SEMESTER SUBJECT CODE NAME BK ID CREDITS MARKS ASSIGNMENT WINTER 2013 MBADS/ MBAFLEX/ MBAHCSN3/ MBAN2/ PGDBAN2 1 MB0041 FINANCIAL AND MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING B1624 4 60 Note: Answer all questions. Kindly note that answers for 10 marks questions should be approximately of 400 words. Each question is followed by evaluation scheme. Q. No Questions Marks Total Marks 1 Give the classification of Accounts according to accounting equation approach with its meaning and examples. Compare the traditional approach with modern approach of accounting equation approach. Analyze the transaction under traditional approach. a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. 20. 1. 2011 Paid salary Rs. 30,000 20. 1. 2011 Paid rent by cheque Rs. 8,000 21. 1. 2011 Goods withdrawn for personal use Rs. 5,000 25. 1. 2011 Paid an advance to suppliers of goods Rs. 1,00,000 26. 1. 2011 Received an advance from customers Rs. 3,00,000 31. 1. 2011 Paid interest on loan Rs. 5,000 31. 1. 2011 Paid instalment of loan Rs. 25,000 31. 1. 2011 Interest allowed by bank Rs. 8,000 Classification of accounting equation approach with meaning and examples Analysis of transaction –with accounts involved-nature of accountaffects and debit/credit 2 4 10 6 The following trial balance was extracted from the books of Chetan, a small businessman. We will write a custom essay sample on Debt and Trial Balance or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Do you think it is correct? If not, rewrite it in the correct form. Debits Stock Purchases Returns outwards Rs. Credits 8250 Capital 12750 Sales 700 Returns inwards Rs. 10000 15900 1590 Discount received Wages and salaries Rent and rates Sundry debtors Bank Overdraft 800 2500 1850 7600 2450 Discount allowed Scooty Carriage charges Sundry creditors Bills payable 800 1750 700 7250 690 Journal entries of all the transactions Conclusion 3 6 10 4 From the given trial balance draft an Adjusted Trial Balance. Trial Balance as on 31. 03. 2011 Debit balances Furniture and Fittings Buildings Rs. Credit balances Rs. 10000 Bank Over Draft 16000 500000 Capital Account 400000 Sales Returns 1000 Purchase Returns 4000 Bad Debts 2000 Sundry Creditors 30000 Sundry Debtors 25000 Commission Purchases 90000 Sales Advertising 20000 Cash 10000 Taxes and Insurance 235000 5000 General Expenses 5000 7000 Salaries TOTAL 20000 690000 TOTAL 690000 Adjustments: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Charge depreciation at 10% on Buildings and Furniture and fittings. Write off further bad debts 1000 Taxes and Insurance prepaid 2000 Outstanding salaries 5000 Commission received in advance1000 Preparation of ledger accounts Preparation of trial balance 4 6 10 4 Compute trend ratios and comment on the financial performance of Infosys Technologies Ltd. from the following extract of its income statements of five years. (in Rs. Crore) Particulars 2010-11 2009-10 2008-09 2007-08 2006-07 27,501 22,742 21,693 16,692 13,893 Operating Profit (PBIDT) 8,968 7,861 7,195 5,238 4,391 PAT from ordinary activities 6,835 6,218 5,988 4,659 3,856 Revenue (Source: Infosys Technologies Ltd. – Annual Report) Preparation of trend analysis Preparation of trend ratios 4 Conclusion 5 4 10 2 Give the meaning of cash flow analysis and put down the objectives of cash flow analysis. Explain the preparation of cash flow statement. Meaning of cash flow analysis Objectives of cash flow analysis 3 Explanation of preparation of cash flow analysis 6 2 10 5 Write the assumptions of marginal costing. Differentiate between absorption costing and marginal costing. Assumptions of marginal costing (all 7 points) 4 Differences of marginal and absorption costing (Includes all 8 6 points) 10

The Leadership Theory

Introduction The exertion of influence or authority over a group in a given direction in order to achieve certain objectives constitutes leadership. There are different leadership theories that explain how leaders apply their skills in management. Numerous research papers have defined, analyzed, and explored several theories of leadership and their applications in daily life.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Leadership Theory specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These research documents have dealt on the qualities that make one a successful leader among his/her employees or followers. Moreover, the leadership studies have paid due attention on perception of leaders and the feeling he/she commands from the group. Notably, people have been identifying leaders using their emotions and not on rational and objective basis. The society has been considering those who succeed as best leaders irrespective of the c onditions they have undergone in the leadership process (Mattiuzzi par. 6). However, the studies have failed to connect the nature of the environment, the characters of followers, and the leader-preferred style of ruling the people. These are the primary foundation to success for any leader. This report will explore why some leadership styles succeed in other regions but not in others even if the same person implements the style in different environments. Literature Review Leaders have their own ways of ruling; they can successfully realize their goals when in one place but fails to do so in another environment. This can occur even if one applies any leadership style. Leadership does not necessarily imply exercising authority on followers; it has to take into concern the behaviors of the followers, the mood of the leader and the situation at hand. Environmental factors can affect the outcomes of leadership; for instance, societal culture and practices can be a source of impediment t o the success of organizational leadership. According to the Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness Research Program (GLOBE), cultural differences between a leader and the followers can hinder or aid effectiveness and success of leadership (â€Å"How Cultural Factors Affect Leadership† par. 2). Markedly, whatever people can view as a source of success for leadership on one culture can be an obstacle to success on another culture.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Globally, businesses have different cultures even if they operate in the same industry; the employees and other stakeholders determine the organizational culture. To understand the influence of culture on leadership, we can imagine of an African executive who trains at a British School of Management and is required to run a Brazilian manufacturing facility in Japan. The leader will have to c omprehend the culture within which he/she exercise his/her authority and the employees’ perceptions on the leadership style. Clearly, one leadership style cannot fit in all situations. As a result, the African executive ought to develop vast leadership attributes that will accommodate the unique cultures (â€Å"How Cultural Factors Affect Leadership† par.4). Leaders have to develop a transformational system of leadership in order to realize success in different situations. This broad charismatic character educes the interests of employees thus motivating them to go beyond the set targets of the organization at the expense of their self-interests. Moreover, various cultures perceive communication skills differently; this alters what constitute a good communicator among different cultures. In America, managers prefer face-to-face communication when passing information to their subordinates. On the other hand, in Japan, managers mostly use memos to do the same. Therefore, American culture reflects the individualistic behavior while Japanese cultures favor the collective custom of â€Å"face-saving† (â€Å"How Cultural Factors Affect Leadership† par. 8). Interestingly, a nonverbal cue of interruption, which most cultures consider as a rude way of communication is a means of conveying one’s interests in the Latin cultures. Cultural dynamics are essential factors in the success of any leadership style. Since the world has different cultures, leaders should be ready to change from one situation to another; this approach could help them understand the nuances that exist in different cultures. The global economy requires leaders who are highly sensitive to different cultures. Leadership Theory The contingency theory believes there is no single approach that leaders can apply in their leadership style since there are variations of circumstances. The situation is a key factor to successful leadership; therefore, leaders must change thei r behaviors and styles of leadership to fit to the environment.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Leadership Theory specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Fielder came up with this theory in 1964 after he noticed that successful leadership was eminent when leaders alter their behaviors to be in line with the environmental factors (Smith par. 2). Therefore, if one matches the organizational settings with the leadership styles, proper function becomes an automatic assurance. The key constrain to different leadership style is personality which is a fixed parameter in all individuals. In his research, Fielder used the Least Preferred Coworker Scale (LPC) to rate leadership styles that leaders prefer (Smith par. 3). In this scale, leaders rate people they have worked with poorly. Those who score high in the scale prefer interpersonal relationship to other factors while leaders who score low favor task achievemen t at the expense of interpersonal relationships. The task-oriented leaders have a poor relationship with their followers hence may not realize success in their management. Leaders must endeavor to match their personal traits with the task requirements and, at the same time, incorporate personal interactions with employees in order to be successful. The organizational environment also plays a role in the success of any leadership style. It entails the parameters that exist within a firm that can aid the exertion of influence on a team. The subdivisions of the situational variables include position of power, nature of relationship between a leader and the members and task structure. Task structure is the level of job exactness among the employees. Position power, on its self, refers to the level of authority that a leader commands within an organization due to his/her position. Lastly, leader-member relationship touches on the level of cooperation and recognition that employees or fol lowers have towards their leader. Contingency theory holds that for leaders to realize the success, they should institute strong links between them and other stakeholders of their firms. Further, leaders should specify jobs within the organization so that each employee performs different tasks. Leaders ought to carry out job specificity during job design process. Leaders should use their powers to fire and reward employees within their firms (Smith par. 8). These three scenarios inculcate two essential groups of leaders, which are relationship and task oriented leaders. Therefore, depending on the situation at hand, leaders should evoke an appropriate leadership style. For example, in case of fire within their organizations, leaders will find it effective to apply the task-oriented approach since this will create fast response hence not delaying outcomes.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In blue-collar jobs, task oriented relationship becomes appropriate since this group of employees requires job specification and direction. At the same time, the leader must maintain a strong relationship with the workers; for instance, by rewarding employees who achieve high outputs. Predictable environments such as research institutions favor relationship-oriented style of leadership. In these scenarios, employees expect little or no interference from their leaders on the requirements of their jobs (Smith par. 13). For that reason, leaders will have to develop a strong working relationship with their employees. These different scenarios at hand reveal that one cannot group leaders as successful or unsuccessful without considering the numerous parameters that affect leadership outcomes. A leader cannot be effective in all situations, but by altering their leadership style to match the appropriate situation, he/she can realize success. Constructs of the Theory The main constructs of this theory are classified into dependent and independent factors. The dependent factors are efficiency and organizational performance (â€Å"Contingency Theory†). Efficiency is the rate at which the leadership style respond to various impediments that arise within the organization. Organizational performance measures the output that firms records within a given period under a leadership style. When leaders match their traits with the situations in the environment, they are likely to record growth in their capacities. Independent constructs include technology, strategy, firm’s size, and culture (â€Å"Contingency Theory†). Technology is the innovations that leaders institute in their organizations so that they can match the competitive market. For example, the use of online shopping where customers can view and order new products has become common among many companies. Strategy involves the plans that organizations put to guide their future operations. It also involves environmental screening and forecasting; these programs enable firms to predict into the future thus gaining competitive advantage over their competitors. Theory Evaluation Contingency theory represents a state of relationship that exist between a leader and his/her followers. A strong relationship between a leader and the subordinates will result to high output. Moreover, it connects the task and the leadership styles that leaders can adopt. Leaders who tend to be task-oriented in their leadership will find their style remarkably appropriate under circumstances that require urgency like fire outbreaks. The theory assumes that the ability of any leader to guide successfully is dependent on situational parameters such as the employees’ behaviors and capabilities and the leader’s leadership preference style (â€Å"Contingency Theory† par. 1). Unsuccessful leaders are those who do not consider the above factors during their reign. Again, success is not a-o ne directional initiative; it requires multi-purpose approaches that a leader must be willing to follow. The above constructs represents reality in their own measure. For instance, efficient leaders are at high levels of recording positive output in comparison to inefficient leaders. Additionally, an organization that records low performance has inefficient leaders who are not flexible to changes in the culture and structure of the system. The relationships in the contingency theory are logical as it starts with the leader to employees and finally with other stakeholders in the organization. Contingency theory relates to situational theory of leadership in the aspect of no one way of successful leadership. However, the latter emphasizes on behaviors that leaders ought to accept while contingency theory includes other parameter like capability of a leader. This theory is parsimonious as it identifies other factors that can affect leadership outputs. It does not rely on one parameter like situational theory. I will test this theory on organizations that are located in different counties with diverse cultures. On the quantitative aspect, I will use a small organization and a large company to test the outcomes of my theory. This theory can help current global executives to guide employees from diverse cultures towards realizing the organizational goals (Karthikaeya). In addition, managers will be free to exercise their leadership skills worldwide with ease. Works Cited Contingency Theory. Changing minds and persuasion. Changing Minds, n.d. Web. Contingency Theory. IS Theory. Brigham Young University, 15 Nov. 2011. Web. How Cultural Factors Affect Leadership. Knowledge@Wharton. Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, 23 July 1999. Web. Karthikaeya, Paul. â€Å"Leadership styles and theories.† slideshare.net. SlideShare Inc, 15 Dec. 2010. Web. Mattiuzzi, Paul. â€Å"Leadership Research: are we asking the right questions?.† Everyday Psychology . N.p., 18 July 2008. Web. Smith, Carolyn. â€Å"Contingency Theory of Leadership.† ArticlesBase. ArticlesBase.com, 25 Feb. 2010. Web. This research paper on The Leadership Theory was written and submitted by user Nathalie Mercado to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

La premiere chambre civile de la Cour de Cassation Essays

La premiere chambre civile de la Cour de Cassation Essays La premiere chambre civile de la Cour de Cassation a rendu un arret le 25 janvier 2005 venant preciser les effets du divorce en matiere de cessation de bail. Dans cette affaire, un divorce est prononce aux torts exclusifs du mari. Le domicile de l'enfant mineur a ete fixe au domicile de la mere bien que l'autorite parentale sur celui ci soit partagee entre les epoux. La femme a fait appel de la decision de premiere instance afin de reclamer la concession d'un bail sur l'appartement servant de logement familiale, appartement indivis aux epoux. Non contente de la decision rendue par la cour d'appel qui decline sa demande, l'epouse forme alors un pourvoi en cassation. Elle avance, en effet, que la cour d'appel a viole les articles 285-1, 815 et suivants et 1709 du Code civil. Dans quelle mesure l'article 285-1 du code civil precise-t-il les consequences du divorce en matiere de cessation de bail? La cour de cassation confirme la decision de la cour d'appel dans la mesure ou elle considere que le moyen n'est pas fonde en sa premiere branche, a savoir que l'article 285-1 du code civil prevoit la cessation d'un bail dans le cas d'un bien indivis aux epoux, rendant ainsi sa seconde branche inoperante. Bien que le divorce pour faute est a l'origine de nombreux effets, ces derniers restent limites par loi, l'arret du 25 janvier 2005 va d'ailleurs a cet egard clarifier la position du legislateur quand a la cessation d'un bail indivis aux epoux, apres un divorce. I) Les limites aux effets du divorce pour faute A) Article 285-1: l'affaire de biens personnels Dans l'arret que nous etudions, l'epouse invoque l'article 285-1 du code civil, ce dernier prevoit que Si le local servant de logement a la famille appartient en propre ou personnellement a l'un des epoux, le juge peut le conceder a bail au conjoint qui exerce seul ou en commun l'autorite parentale sur un ou plusieurs de leurs enfants lorsque ceux-ci resident habituellement dans ce logement et que leur interet le commande.. La loi semble tres claire en ce qui concerne la cessation d'un bail, en effet elle prevoit cet acte que dans le cas ou le local est un bien propre a un des epoux et non indivis. Or l'epouse qui a recours a la justice estime que l'article 285-1 admet la concession d'un bail aussi bien dans le cas ou le local est un bien propre que indivis aux epoux. C'est en ce sens qu'elle concoit que les juges du fond ont viole l'article 285-1 du code civil. B) La souverainete des juges du fond En vu de l'article 285-1 il est prevu que Le juge fixe la duree du bail et peut le renouveler jusqu'a la majorite du plus jeune des enfants. Le juge peut resilier le bail si des circonstances nouvelles le justifient.. C'est en ce sens que les juges du fond doivent mettre en uvre leur appreciation souveraine afin de determiner quel jugement sera le meilleur pour les ou l'enfant en attendant leur majorite. L'epouse invoque une violation de cet article du code civil par les juges du fond dans la mesure ou elle considere que le bail peut etre concede aux dela de la majorite de l'enfant afin de lui permettre une situation stable et la bonne poursuite de ses etudes. Elle estime alors que les juges du fond n'ont pas apprecie, a sa bonne valeur, son cas et qu'ils auraient du lui admettre la cessation du bail de l'appartement afin d'assurer la perennite de la vie des enfants. II) L'arret du 25 janvier 2005et la clarification de l'article 285-1. A) La portee jurisprudentielle de l'arret Jusqu'au 25 janvier 2005 l'article 285-1 du code civil ne precisait aucunement le cas ou le bail est un bien indivis aux epoux. Aucun arret n'etait venu poser la question de la cessation d'un bail indivis aux epoux mais l'arret que nous etudions vient clarifier ce point dans la mesure ou il edicte que la cessation d'un bail dans le cas d'un divorce n'est possible que si le bien appartient a un des deux epoux et non s'il est indivis. Cet arret du 25 janvier 2005 a donc vocation a regler a l'avenir ce probleme s'il la

Analytical Hierarchy Process Essay Example for Free (#2)

Analytical Hierarchy Process Essay The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) provides a structure on decision-making processes where there are a limited numbers of choices but each has a number of attributes. This paper explores the use of AHP for deciding on car purchase. In the context of shopping, it is important to include elements that provide attributes that make consumer decision making easier, comfortable and therefore, lead to a car purchase. As the car market becomes more competitive, there is a greater demand for innovation that provides better customer service and strategic competition in the business management. This paper presents a new methodological extension of the AHP by focusing on two issues. One combines pair wise comparison with a spreadsheet method using a 5-point rating scale. The other applies the group weight to a reciprocal consistency ratio. Three newly formed car models of midsize are used to show how the method allows choice to be prioritized and analyzed statistically. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is a structured technique for helping people deal with complex decisions. Rather than prescribing a â€Å"correct† decision, the AHP helps people to determine one. Based on mathematics and human psychology, it was developed by Thomas L. Saaty in the 1970s and has been extensively studied and refined since then. The AHP provides a comprehensive and rational framework for structuring a problem, for representing and quantifying its elements, for relating those elements to overall goals, and for evaluating alternative solutions. It is used throughout the world in a wide variety of decision situations, in fields such as government, business, industry, healthcare, and education. Users of the AHP first decompose their decision problem into a hierarchy of more easily comprehended sub-problems, each of which can be analyzed independently. The elements of the hierarchy can relate to any aspect of the decision problem. Once the hierarchy is built, the decision makers systematically evaluate its various elements, comparing them to one another in pairs. In making the comparisons, the decision makers can use concrete data about the elements, or they can use their judgments about the elements’ relative meaning and importance. It is the essence of the AHP that human judgments, and not just the underlying information, can be used in performing the evaluations. The AHP converts these evaluations to numerical values that can be processed and compared over the entire range of the problem. A numerical weight or priority is derived for each element of the hierarchy, allowing diverse and often incomm-ensurable elements to be compared to one another in a rational and consistent way. This capability distinguishes the AHP from other decision making techniques. In the final step of the process, numerical priorities are derived for each of the decision alternatives. Since these numbers represent the alternatives’ relative ability to achieve the decision goal, they allow a straightforward consideration of the various courses of action. For instance let’s consider cars (an example) which touch the lives of hundreds of millions of people nearly everywhere on this planet on a daily basis. Other than a house, a car is perhaps the largest purchase that we make. With the average cost of a car well over US$ 15,000, choosing just the right one becomes a major decision. Buying a new car is regarded as a decision-making problem and a reflection of customer preference. Someone shops for a new car, he or she want to take a look at finances and options. The possible budget is then a constraint in the decision on which car to buy. Most people shopping for a new car rank safety high among their purchase considerations. Other important attributes include: fuel economy; comfort and convenience features; insurance information; specification and warranties and resale value. Constant changes in customer demands lead manufactures to produce new and improved designs. Automation of manufacturing technologies allows this. Recently the production life cycle has become shorter. For example, General Motors in the USA is leading the industry in developing ground-breaking technologies to improve the driving experience and to meet the changing needs and life styles of modern drivers. They are making efforts to lower the cost of the technology to a level that will make advanced cars an attractive purchase. As the automobile market becomes more competitive, the industry has no choice but to adopt innovation that brings better customer service. Many customers seek advice from car experts or friends when purchasing a car. In many cases, there are times when the price and special features do not match the budget. An appropriate decision-making method for selecting the best car is useful to both customers and producers. An analytic method not only reduces the dealer’s burden, but also may increase sales The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is an intuitively easy method for formulating and analyzing decisions .It was developed to solve a specific class of problems that involves prioritization of potential alternate solutions. This is achieved by evaluation of a set of criteria elements and sub-criteria elements through a series of pair wise comparisons. The AHP model depicted in this paper uses the following decision criteria: exterior, convenience, performance, safety, economic aspect, dealer, and warranty as well as 39 sub-criteria. For the implementation of the AHP, we considered the three midsize passenger car models as alternatives The source for deriving the evaluation criteria candidate was: 1. A telephone interview with dealers who are part of companies that make the models. The manufacturing company with the highest market share considered graceful body styles and smart design of facilities related to safety to be most important. On the other hand, warranty on the car and the dealer’s strategies for marketing are regarded as important customer criteria; 2. The use of personal experiences recorded on an online bulletin board was corrected using the Internet; The AHP model shown consists of three levels. Exterior involves components and factors seen from the outside such as color, length and width, tyres, trunk, wheels, doors and headlamp styles. It includes the following sub-criteria: model, style, length, quality of interior decoration, number of available color types, and instrument cluster. Convenience is related to the design of the equipments for easy operation. It includes: inside width, ease of loading or unloading packages, convenience of operating instruments, modern fittings (such as electronic systems and a burglar alarm), forward visibility and quality of the audio system. Performance is related to the functioning of the car. It includes maximum torque, maximum speed, fuel tank capacity, braking ability, cornering ability, inside noises and traveling comforts. Safety is enhanced by a body designed to protect the drivers and passengers against collisions. The most important safety features are those that reduce the risk of death or serious injury. It includes: airbags, antilock braking system ABS, impact protection systems, trunk safety, seat belts, safety of the body and number of alarm facilities. Airbags provide total chest and face protection. The ABS allows drivers full steering control and shorter stopping distance in adverse situations. The economic aspect refers to the price and cost of a new car, or maintaining the car within budgets, etc. It includes: purchasing prices, fuel consumption per month, insurance costs and installment conditions, resale prices of used cars and optional equipment costs. The dealer criterion refers to personal characteristics and attitudes that lead the customer to make the purchasing decision. This criterion includes: visits or calls needed to persuade the customer to buy, the dealer’s attitude, the dealer’s expertise and belief in the dealer’s promises. The warranty criterion include: the number of service stations, ease of acquiring spare parts, customer satisfaction after services, and the average repair time for minor troubles. We mailed questionnaires to each of two groups. The first group was given a questionnaire that contained a pair wise comparison sheet. The members consisted of 13 managers who were serving in the sales department and who had experience exceeding 10 years (see Appendix A for this questionnaire). Respondents were domain experts who easily recognized their own sales products and have valuable knowledge about the customer requirements and preferences. Twenty-two potential customers with experience over 7 years were in the second group (see Appendix B). They answered about their satisfaction with their current car. A procedure of prioritizing each car model is shown in Table 1 shows the C.R. for each individual, where the circle represents meaningful C.R. Using Expert Choice, we obtained the synthesized priorities of the main criteria and sub-criteria. The reason that the group’s weight is 1/C.R. is to assign higher weights for higher consistent persons. As a result, safety gains are the highest priority in the main criteria. The body safety is especially important. The synthesized priorities and ranks resulted in Table 2 (Case-II). The priorities of the sub-criteria are not proportional to those of the main criteria. This means the decision-makers have different opinions on the importance of the main criteria. By synthesizing the drivers’ rating values with the priorities, we obtain the priorities of the car models and the ranks with respect to the goal and synthesized priorities for each main criterion when the C.R. is bounded by the limit (see Table 3). In Case-I and Case-II, the computational methods used are reasonable when the groups’ consistency is more important than the individual ones. Because the conventional AHP has no choice but to increase the Delphi rounds in order to increase the groups’ consistency, much effort is required to reduce the C.R. If the Delphi rounds are not sufficiently processed, it is unreliable through the inclusion of inconsistent matrices [12]. Using the Spearman rank correlation test [1], accepting H0 means that the ranks are either uncorrelated or negatively correlated. That is, two decision makers exhibit an insignificant level of agreement in ranking for each criterion. Rejecting H0 means that the ranks are positively correlated. As shown in Table 4, we conclude that there are significant effects between groups since the rate of the H0 acceptance is 83% (65/78 Ãâ€"100). This shows that Case-I is the more appropriate method. It rejects greater agreement between groups. Sensitivity analysis allowed us to verify the results of the decision. A sensitivity analysis can be formed to see how sensitive the alternatives are to change with the importance of the criteria. The Expert Choice implementation of AHP provides four graphical sensitivity analysis modes: dynamic, gradient, performance and two-dimensional analysis [4]. Here performance sensitivity analysis is employed. It depicts how well each alternative performs on each criterion by increasing or decreasing the importance of the criteria. In addition to this, each sub-criterion performs on each main criterion by increasing or decreasing the importance of the main criteria. It should be noted that if a criterion is not sensitive, it would be better to eliminate it from the AHP model. In the case of increasing importance of a criterion to the maximum value of 1.0, we assigned the alternative that gained the highest rank to score 5 and the lowest rank to score 1. The value of Model 1 is 25, Model 2 is 21 and Model 3 is 15. In summary, we can conclude Model 1 is the best among the alternatives, although the highest priorities were different in Case-I and Case-II. This paper presents a decision-making method for selecting the best passenger car models through combining the AHP and a spreadsheet model. The C.R. is used as the decision-maker’s weights. As an implementation of the AHP, three car models were prioritized. Through the sensitivity analysis, the fact that Model 1 ranked the highest is consistent with the result of the highest market share. E.H. Forman, T.L. Saaty, M.A. Selly, R. Waldron, Expert Choice, Decision Support Software, McLean, VA, 1983 T.L. Saaty, K. Kearns, Analytical Planning: The Organization of Systems, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1985. Y Wind and T L Saaty, ‘Marketing Applications of Analytic Hierarchy Process,’ Management Science, Vol. 26, No. 7, July 1980 Analytical Hierarchy Process. (2016, Dec 31).

Types of Surveys Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Types of Surveys - Essay Example 32. Dole Pineapple, Inc., is concerned that the 16-ounce can of sliced pineapple is being overfilled. Assume the standard deviation of the process is .03 ounces. The quality control department took a random sample of 50 cans and found that the arithmetic mean weight was 16.05 ounces. At the 5 percent level of significance, can we conclude that the mean weight is greater than 16 ounces? Determine the p-value. 38. A recent article in The Wall Street Journal reported that the 30-year mortgage rate is now less than 6 percent. A sample of eight small banks in the Midwest revealed the following 30-year rates (in percent): As the p – value is greater than 0.01, the null hypothesis can be accepted. Hence it can be concluded that there is no significant difference in the mean number of times men and women take – out dinners in a month. 46. Grand Strand Family Medical Center is specifically set up to treat minor medical emergencies for visitors to the Myrtle Beach area. There are two facilities, one in the Little River Area and the other in Murrells Inlet. The Quality Assurance Department wishes to compare the mean waiting time for patients at the two locations. Samples of the waiting times, reported in minutes, follow: 52. The president of the American Insurance Institute wants to compare the yearly costs of auto insurance offered by two leading companies. He selects a sample of 15 families, some with only a single insured driver, others with several teenage drivers, and pays each family a stipend to contact the two companies and ask for a price quote. To make the data comparable, certain features, such as the deductible amount and limits of liability, are standardized. The sample information is reported below. At the .10 significance level, can we conclude that there is a difference in the amounts quoted? 23. A real estate agent in the coastal area of

ACC501 - Accounting for Decision Making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

ACC501 - Accounting for Decision Making - Essay Example It has expanded rapidly since its insinuation and now has a global presence across all continents - Europe, Asia Pacific, South America and Africa and Middle East markets. In the global market, Ford faces heavy competition. The key competitors of Ford include Aston Martin, Mercedes, General Motors, Chrysler, Toyota, Audi, Daewoo, Honda and Porsche. In addition, it faces strong competition in the local markets as well. For instance, in Asia Pacific, Ford faces strong competition from different companies like Fiat, Tata, Hyundai, Maruti Udyog etc. Ford, unlike its competitors, has ventured into the production of a number of different classes of vehicles. It is evident from the diversity of cars ranging from Jaguar, Volvo, Mercury, Lincoln, Land Rover and Mazda (Davies, 2008). Ford also owns a rental business, Hertz Rent a Car with the aim of getting a wider customer base and collecting profile information. If ford Corporation plans to expand a new plant in China, where it expects a huge demand for its products, than it will be a relevant cost to be considered since this activity will result in incremental benefits that the firm will enjoy. If Ford Company accepts the Labor unions demand for increase in 25% of its wages, it will also be a relevant cost since if the decision is incurred they will face an increase in 25% of the direct labor costs therefore it is relevant. Any cost which does not affect the decision is considered as a non-relevant cost. For instance if Ford company is spending an huge amount of money on the research and development for getting the product for sale than it will be regarded as a sunk and non-relevant cost since they do not increase or decrease the sales neither they change the real costs of the organization. Due to advancement of technology, most of the organizations are efficient as is Ford since it is operating on the state of the art technology. As a result of this Ford is underutilized, and